動詞，一般就是用來表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞匯?；旧厦總€完整的句子都有一個動詞，下面小編告訴你英語動詞加ed的用法，大家一起來看看吧!
英語動詞加ed的用法：
(1)作表語
①過去分詞作表語時，說明主語所處的狀態(tài)。
You shouldn’t try to stand up if you are badly hurt.如果你嚴(yán)重受傷，就不應(yīng)站起來。
He is gone.他走了。
You are mistaken.你錯了。
②表示情感的動詞的ed形式作表語
表示情感的動詞的ed形式常見有disappointed(失望的)，astonished(驚訝的)，excited(激動的)，interested(感興趣的)，frightened(害怕的)，moved(感動的)，pleased(高興的)， puzzled (不解的)，satisfied(滿足的)，surprised(驚奇的)，touched (感動的)，worried(擔(dān)憂的)等。這類此都有“被怎樣了的”意義”表示主語的狀態(tài)，主語一般是人。
I was not satisfied with the result.我對那個結(jié)果感到不滿意。
I was deeply moved by the moving story.我被這個感人的故事感動了。
I was very surprised at the news.我聽到這個消息后非常吃驚。
(2)作定語
動詞的-ed形式作定語表示被動與完成，其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的中心詞,是它動作的承受者。
① 作定語的過去分詞如果是單個詞，一般放在名詞的前面。
Japan is a developed country.日本是一個發(fā)達。
He cleared up all the fallen leaves.他所有的落葉。
Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health .污染的空氣和水對人們的健康是有害的。
② 如果是過去分詞短語，要放在名詞的后面，相當(dāng)于一個含有被動語態(tài)的定語從句。
The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies. (=which were ever found…)曾經(jīng)在英國發(fā)掘的大的一批硬幣有大約20萬枚銀便士。
The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it.(= once it is begun)研究是這樣設(shè)計的，一旦啟動就不能改變。
People developed a kind of paper made from the fibres of plants.人們研制出一種用植物纖維制成的紙。
The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. 為英語教學(xué)編寫的套教科書出臺于16世紀(jì)。
③表示情感的動詞的ed形式作定語
表示情感的動詞的ed形式常見有disappointed(失望的)，astonished(驚訝的)，excited(激動的)，interested(感興趣的)，frightened(害怕的)，moved(感動的)，pleased(高興的)， puzzled (不解的)，satisfied(滿足的)，surprised(驚奇的)，touched (感動的)，worried(擔(dān)憂的)等。這類此都有“被怎樣了的”意義”表示中心詞的狀態(tài)，中心詞一般是人。
The excited football fans were singing in loud voices.那些興奮的球迷在高聲唱歌。
The frightened child kept trembling all the time.那個被嚇壞的男孩一直在發(fā)抖。
④己完全形容詞化動詞的ed形式作定語
有些動詞的ed形式己完全形容詞化，作前置定語時，其含義與同形的作后置定語的動詞的ed形式不完全相同。
I’m going to buy some used books tomorrow.明天我要去一些舊書。(舊的)
The books used are still new now .用過的書現(xiàn)在仍然很新。(用)
We’ll meet at a given time and place .我們將在一個固定的時間、地點見面。(固定的)
The time and place given to us are not decided yet .給我們的時間和地點還沒定下。(給
巧用“令(使)人”解的動詞分詞式
過去分詞作表定，修飾通常是人稱。表示“使人”怎么樣，皆由外因出感情。
現(xiàn)在分詞作表定，主語常是事、物名。表示“令人”怎么樣，說明性質(zhì)或特征。
(3)作賓語補足語
動詞的-ed形式作賓語補足語時，它前面的賓語就是它的邏輯主語;如果主動句改為被動句，賓語補足語則變成了主語補足語。動詞的-ed形式一般在感覺、感官動詞和使役、致使役動詞后作賓語補足語表示已經(jīng)完成的被動意義。
①感覺、感官動詞后作賓語補足語或主語補足語，這類動詞有find，feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice，observe，see，smell，watch等。
We found the door locked.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)門鎖上了。(賓補)
The door was found locked.門被發(fā)現(xiàn)鎖上了。(主補)
She saw the thief caught by the policeman.她看見那個小偷被警察抓去了。(賓補)
The thief was seed caught by the policeman. 有人看見那個小偷被警察抓去了。(主補)
What should you do if you find a person trapped under a car?如果發(fā)現(xiàn)有人被壓在車下，你該怎么辦?
②使役、致使役動詞后作賓語補足語或主語補足語，這類動詞有catch, get，have, leave，set，start, keep等。
The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself heard. 那個演講人提高了嗓門，但人們還是聽不見。
She had her foot injured in the fall.她跌倒了，腳受了傷。
③“have/get sth.+-ed分詞作賓補”的不同含義
“have/get sth.+-ed分詞作賓補”歸納起來有3種不同含義:
a. 表示讓/叫別人(為自己)做某事。
Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had repaired went wrong. 布朗太太看到她請人修的洗衣機壞了非常失望。
He's going to have his hair cut.他要去理發(fā)。
She had her house repaired.她(請人)修理了房屋。
They are going to get their telephone put in.他們打算請人安裝。
b.表示“使完成某事”，可以是別人完成，也可以是自己參與完成。
We must have / get the work finished by 10 o'clock. 我們在 10點鐘之前得把工作做完。
In that year he had a hundred yuan saved. 那一年他積蓄了100元。
c.表示“遭遇某事”，常指不幸之事。
She had her house damaged in the storm. 她的房屋在暴風(fēng)雨中毀壞了。
Charles was sentenced to death and would have his head cut off the next day. 查爾斯被判處死刑，次日將被砍頭。
(4)作狀語
動詞的-ed形式作狀語時，用來進一步說明謂語動詞的動作或狀態(tài)，其邏輯主語通常應(yīng)與句子的主語一致，即句子的主語就是動詞的-ed形式這一動作的承受者。在意義上可表示時間、原因、方式、伴隨、條件、讓步等，這時它相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句。它的位置比較靈活，可以置于句、句中或句尾，有時用逗號分開，有時也不用。一般用作時間、原因、條件狀語時，這些短語通常位于句子的句;當(dāng)用作方式、結(jié)果、伴隨狀語時，通常位于句末。
①作時間狀語
作時間狀語時相當(dāng)于when或while引導(dǎo)的從句。
Shot in the leg(=When he was shot in the leg), he continued to fire back with his gun.當(dāng)他的腿被擊中了后，他仍繼續(xù)還擊。
Heated,(=When it is heated) the metal expands.金屬受熱要膨脹。
②作原因狀語時相當(dāng)于as, since, because引導(dǎo)的從句。這類狀語多方在前半部。
Well designed and built(=Because it was well designed and built), the building lasted long.因為設(shè)計和施工都好，這座建筑撐的時間長。
Greatly frightened, the man ran into the room back of the workshop.那人大吃一驚，跑到車間后面的屋子里去了。
Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 他陷入了沉思，險些撞到他前面汽車上。
③作方式伴隨狀語時不能用狀語從句替換，但可以改成并列句。
He hurried to the hall, followed by two guards. (=He hurried to the hall and was followed by two guards.)他快步走進大廳，身后跟著兩個衛(wèi)兵。
He turned away disappointed. (=He was disappointed and turned away.)他非常失望地走了。
Dr Watson and I will spend the night, locked in your room.我和華生醫(yī)生將要鎖在你的屋里過夜。
④作條件狀語時相當(dāng)于if, unless引導(dǎo)的從句。
Given another chance(=If I am given another chance), I will do it much better.如果再給我一次機會，我會干得更好。
Compared with Mr. Smith, he is young.和史密斯相比，他很年輕。
United we stand; divided we fall.團結(jié)就是勝利，分裂必然失敗。
⑤作讓步狀語時相當(dāng)于though, even if等引導(dǎo)的從句。這類狀語多放在前半部。
Born a free man(Though he was born a free man), he was now in chains.他生來是個自由人，現(xiàn)在卻戴上了鐐銬。
Wounded(Though he was wounded), the brave solider continue to fight.雖然受傷，那個勇敢的戰(zhàn)士仍然繼續(xù)戰(zhàn)斗。
Left alone, the boy will get into trouble.放任不管，這個男孩會惹麻煩。
⑥動詞的-ed形式作狀語時,前面有時可以用一個連詞，表示強調(diào)或出于表達需要。常用的連詞有：when, while, after, before, if, though, whether, unless, as if 等。
If followed, he would eat all the food in the house.如果被允許，他會把家里的食物全吃了。
Even if invited, I won't go to his party.即使被邀請，我也不去參加他的聚會。
When asked why he did it, he said nothing.當(dāng)問到他為什么做這件事時，他什么也沒說。
once seen, it can never be forgotten .一旦看見它，就不會忘記它。
(5)動詞的-ed形式構(gòu)成的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
① 名詞(代詞)+動詞的-ed形式構(gòu)成的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
這種結(jié)構(gòu)多用來表示行為方式或伴隨狀況，有時用來表示時間、原因、條件等。這時-ed分詞與前面的名詞通格或代詞主格是被動的邏輯主謂關(guān)系。
The question settled, the meeting was over. 問題解決后，會議結(jié)束了。
He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.他滿臉是汗跑了進來。
His work finished, he prepared to go home.干完活后，他就準(zhǔn)備回家。
② with+賓語+動詞的-ed形式獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
這種結(jié)構(gòu)多用來表示伴隨情況。
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 殺人犯被帶入， 兩手綁在背后。
He was lying with his eyes shut. 他躺在那里，眼睛閉著。
There was also a gun and a thin piece of rope with the end tied in a circle.還有一支和一根細(xì)繩，繩子的末端扎成一個圈。
With his home-work finished ahead of time, he began to use his computer to write his diary.他提前把作業(yè)做完了，接著就開始用電腦寫日記。
英語動詞現(xiàn)在完成進行時：
1. 構(gòu)成
have / has been + 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。
2. 基本用法
(1) 表示現(xiàn)在以前這一段時間里一直在進行的動作，這動作可能仍在進行，也可能已停止。如：
The telephone has been ringing continually in the office all morning. 整個早上辦公室里的鈴聲不斷。
Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began. 自那時以來,他們一直在設(shè)法查明起火的原因。
What have you been doing since I last saw you? 自我上次和你見面以后，你在做什么?
In the past few years they have been dealing with quite a few international corporations successfully.
在過去的幾年中他們與好幾家跨國公司做生意一直做得很成功。
(2) 現(xiàn)在完成進行時有時表示根據(jù)直接或間接的證據(jù)得出的結(jié)論：
She is very tired. She’s been typing letters all day. 她很累了，她整天都在打信件。
Her eyes are red. She has been crying. 她眼睛紅了。她一直在哭。
(3) 有時也可表示現(xiàn)在以前這段時間反復(fù)發(fā)生的事情。如：
They have been seeing each other recently. 近他們常常見面。
3. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別
(1) 現(xiàn)在完成進行時則表示一個正在進行的動作;而現(xiàn)在完成時可以表示一個已經(jīng)完成的動作。如：
He has been writing a letter. 他一直在寫一封信。(還在寫)
He has written a letter. 他寫了一封信。(已完成)
(2) 少數(shù)動詞如work, study, live, teach, stay等, 用這兩種時態(tài)含義差不多, 只是在強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性時，用現(xiàn)在完成進行時更多一些。如：
How long has your brother worked / been working in this factory? 你哥哥在這家工廠工作多久了?
I’ve lived / been living here since I taught in this school. 自從我在這所學(xué)校任教以來就一直住在這兒。
(3) 現(xiàn)在完成時通常只陳述事實，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時還可表示一種感情色彩。如：
I have waited for two hours. 我等了兩小時。(陳述事實)
I have been waiting for two hours. 我等了兩個小時。(等得好辛苦)
英語動詞將來完成時：
1. 構(gòu)成
will / shall+ have +過去分詞。
2. 基本用法
(1) 表示到將來某個時間已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作。如：
I shall have finished this book next week. 下周我就會讀完這本書了。
When we get there，she’ll have gone home. 我們到那里時她會回家了。
On Monday he’ll have been in Britain for three years. 到星期一，他在英國就滿三年了。
(2) 有時表示推測。如：
They will have arrived there by now. 這時候他們可能已到那兒了。
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時與將來完成的區(qū)別
(1) 現(xiàn)在完成時以現(xiàn)在時間為參照點，表示在“現(xiàn)在”以前完成的動作或持續(xù)到“現(xiàn)在”的狀態(tài);過去完成時則以過去時間為參照點，表示在“過去”某一時間以前發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)到“過去”某一時間的狀態(tài);將來完成時則以將來時間為參照點，表示在“將來”某一時間為止已經(jīng)完成的動作或持續(xù)到“將來”某一時間的狀態(tài)。如：
He has finished writing his novel. 他已寫完了他的小說。
He had finished writing his novel by the end of last year. 去年年底他就寫完了他的小說。
He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year. 到明年年底他就會寫完他的小說了。
(2)在表示時間或者條件的狀語從句，用現(xiàn)在完成時來表示將來完成時。如：
I will go with you when I have finished my work. 等我完成工作之后我就同你去。
英語動詞過去完成時：
1. 構(gòu)成
助動詞had+動詞的過去分詞。
2. 基本用法
(1) 過去完成時表示過去某一時刻或某一動作之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作、狀態(tài)(“已完成”)。句中常用by , before , until , when 等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語。如：
Yesterday he told me that he hadn’t eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告訴我自星期二以來他一直未吃任何東西。(指從星期二至昨天未吃東西)
I saw Mr. Smith last Sunday. We hadn’t seen each other since we left Paris. 上周星期天我見到史密斯先生了，自從離開巴黎后我們還一直沒見過面。
By the end of the year no decision had been made. 到年底也沒有做出任何決定。
He had left when I arrived. 當(dāng)我到達時他已經(jīng)離開。
(2)過去完成時的動作還可表示過去某一時刻之前發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個時間或持續(xù)下去(未完成)。如：
Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours. 他睡覺之前，工作了12小時。
The film had been on for 5 minutes when I got to the cinema. 當(dāng)我到達電影院時，電影已經(jīng)開演五分鐘了。
We had scarcely reached the school before it began to rain. 我們剛到學(xué)校天就下雨了。
(3) 某些動詞如intend / think / plan / expect / hope等的過去完成時表示主語未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望、希望或打算。如：
I had intended to come to see you last night, but someone called and I couldn’t get away. 我原打算昨晚來看你，但有人來訪，我拖不開身。
He had hoped to find a job soon.他本來希望很快找到工作。
I had meant to come, but something happened. 我本想來，但有事就沒有來。
(4)過去完成時用在hardly / scarcely…when…和no sooner…than 固定結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：
No sooner was the frost off the ground than the work began. 地上的霜一消散，人們就開始工作了。
Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 他剛一到, 她就開始抱怨起來。
(5) 過去完成時用于條件分句或wish / would rather等后面的that從句中，表示與過去事實相反的主觀愿望。如：
I would have met him, if I had come this morning. 今天早晨我來的話，就會見到他了。
I wish I had seen you yesterday. 我昨天見到你多好。
He would rather she had lent him more money than she did.他本希望她借給他的錢更多些。
